Knee arthroplasty, commonly known as knee replacement surgery, is a surgical procedure designed to alleviate pain and restore function in individuals with severe knee joint damage or degeneration. This procedure becomes necessary when conservative treatments, such as medications and physical therapy, fail to provide relief from conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis

During knee arthroplasty, the orthopedic surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint and replaces it with an artificial joint, typically made of metal and plastic components. The surgery aims to reduce pain, improve mobility, and enhance the overall quality of life for patients experiencing debilitating knee issues.

There are two main types of knee arthroplasty: total knee replacement and partial knee replacement. In a total knee replacement, all three compartments of the knee joint – medial, lateral, and patellofemoral – are replaced with prosthetic components. Partial knee replacement, on the other hand, involves replacing only the affected compartment, preserving healthy portions of the knee. The choice between total and partial knee arthroplasty depends on the extent and location of the knee damage.

Advancements in surgical techniques and implant materials have contributed to improved outcomes and faster recovery times for patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. Minimally invasive approaches and computer-assisted navigation systems allow for more precise implant placement, reducing the risk of complications and promoting quicker rehabilitation.